Monday, September 3, 2012
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Anugerah kecemerlangan spm 2011
Guru Ketua Panitia Biologi SMK P Saujana
Ada juga hitam putih
Nak juga gambar sendiri ada kat sini...:)
Antara pelajar yang cemerlang bersama guru-guru cemerlang
Antara calon-calon SPM 2013 yang menjanjikan kecemerlangan..
Antara calon-calon SPM 2013 yang menjanjikan kecemerlangan..
ps/ terima kasih kepada Saujana Photography untuk gambar2 di atas...
Saturday, April 14, 2012
Sugar Homeostasis
The body
requires of glucose in order to create ATP. Two hormones are responsible for controlling
the concentration of glucose in the blood. These are insulin and glucagon. The diagram
illustrates the principle of negative feedback control in action involving
blood sugar levels.
Diabetes
Diabetes insipidus is a condition where excess urine is excreted caused by the sufferers inability to produce ADH and promote the retention of water.
Diabetes Mellitus is another form of diabetes where the sufferer does not have the ability to produce sufficient insulin, meaning that glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. Anyone who has this condition usually has to take injections of insulin after meals and snacks to maintain their storage of glucose needed in emergencies.
Diabetes
Diabetes insipidus is a condition where excess urine is excreted caused by the sufferers inability to produce ADH and promote the retention of water.
Diabetes Mellitus is another form of diabetes where the sufferer does not have the ability to produce sufficient insulin, meaning that glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. Anyone who has this condition usually has to take injections of insulin after meals and snacks to maintain their storage of glucose needed in emergencies.
Excretory System: Homeostasis
Urinary System
Two major functions:
1. Elimination
o Removal of harmful wastes.
2. Regulation
o Control and balance of several substances in the blood including
water, acids and bases (pH), ions and salts
The major organs of the system include:
- 2 kidneys: filters blood, producing urine
- 2 ureters: carry urine to urinary bladder
- 1 urinary bladder: stores urine
- 1 urethra: carries urine to the outside of the body
Associated blood vessels:
- renal
artery: carries
contaminated blood into the kidneys
- renal
vein: carries
purified blood from the kidney, placing the blood back into circulation
Kidneys
- main excretory
organs of the body
- found
on the back wall of the abdomen on either side of the spine just below the
ribs
- basic
filtering unit inside the kidney is the nephron
unit
- each
kidney contains 1 – 1.25 million nephron units
- parts
of the nephron unit are found in both the cortex and medulla of the kidney
Three major sections of the kidney:
1. Cortex
o Outer part of the kidney
o Contains the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and blood
supply of
the nephron unit
2. Medulla
o Middle of the kidney
o Contains the loop
of Henle and collecting duct of the nephron unit
3. Pelvis
o Inner cavity of the kidney
o Area where the collecting ducts of all the nephron units terminate
The nephron unit carries
out its filtering of the blood in two stages:
1. Filtration
§ Blood leaves the renal artery and enters the glomerulus
§ Blood pressure forces the plasma of the blood, containing both
waste material and useful material, into the Bowman’s
capsule
§ This material is called filtrate
§ Filtrate contains such things as:
|
§ water
|
§ glucose
|
§ sodium
|
|
§ urea
|
§ amino
acids
|
§ potassium
|
|
§ salt
|
§ vitamins
|
§ uric
acid
|
2. Reabsorption
§ Useful materials contained within the filtrate are reabsorbed by
the capillary network that surrounds the renal tubule
§ Reabsorption of water occurs by osmosis
§ Reabsorption of glucose, sodium, amino acids, etc occurs by active transport
§ Fluid that remains in the renal tubule after reabsorbtion is urine
§ Path of urine: collecting duct Ü pelvis Ü ureter Ü urinary
bladder Ü urethra
o The kidney maintains homeostasis by regulating the following
mechanisms:
2.
Water
balance
§ Hypothalamus of the brain directs the pituitary gland of the
endocrine system to control levels of the hormone vasopressin or andtidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood
§ This hormone travels through the blood to the kidneys where it
directs the rate of water reabsorption
§ Increased vasopressin Ü increased
water reabsorption
§ Decreased vasopressin Ü decreased
water reabsorption
3.
Blood
pressure
§ Blood volume is regulated by the hormone aldosterone
§ Aldosterone affects the rate of sodium ion reabsorption which in
turn affects the rate of water reabsorption
§ Increased aldosterone Ü increased
water reabsorption Ü higher
blood pressure
§ Decreased aldosterone Ü decreased
water reabsorption Ü lower
blood pressure
4.
Blood
composition
§ Useful materials contained in the filtrate (glucose, amino acids,
etc) are reabsorbed until the threshold
level of
the given material is reached
§ Defined as the maximum amount of material that can be moved across
the nephron back into the blood
§ When the threshold is reached, the remaining material is removed
as waste e.g. glucose in diabetes
5.
Blood
pH
§ Should be close to 7
§ The kidney removes excessively acidic or basic substances from the
blood
6.
Waste
removal
§ Urea is
the major waste product removed from the kidneys
§ Placed in the blood by the liver through the detoxification
process
§ Excess amino acids are broken down in the liver
§ Converted to ammonia and then to urea
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a constant internal
environment despite changing external conditions
- Ensures
that the organs of the body operate within their normal limits thereby
working efficiently
- Based
on a feedback system
- Information is sent to a control center which directs the organ to react accordingly
- Two major control centers:1. Brain of the nervous system2. Glands of the endocrine systemSeveral factors must be regulated including:1. Temperature2. Heart rate3. Respiratory rate4. Blood pressure5. Water balance6. Blood sugar levels.7. DetoxificationActivityOrgans involvedCenter of ControlTemperatureSkinHypothalamusHeart rateHeartMedulla oblongataRespiration rateRibs & diaphragmMedulla oblongataBlood pressure
- Heart
and arteries
- Kidneys
Medulla oblongata controls:-cardiac output-arteriole resistanceHypothalamus directs the pituitary gland of the endocrine system to control water levels in the bloodWater balanceKidneysSee aboveBlood sugar levelsPancreas (enzyme pancrease)Islets of Langerhans control sugar levels:- Insulin
– reduces blood sugar levels
- Glucagon
– increases blood sugar levels
DetoxificationLiverRemoves harmful substances from the blood and inactivates them, returning them to the blood to be removed by the kidneys - Heart
and arteries
Monday, April 9, 2012
DRINK WATER ON EMPTY STOMACH
DRINK
WATER ON EMPTY STOMACH
.jpg)
It is popular in Japan today to drink water immediately after waking up every morning. Furthermore, scientific tests have proven its value. We publish below a description of use of water for our readers. For old and serious diseases as well as modern illnesses the water treatment had been found successful by a Japanese medical society as a 100% cure for the following ...diseases:
Headache, body ache, heart system, arthritis, fast heart beat, epilepsy, excess fatness, bronchitis asthma, TB, meningitis, kidney and urine diseases, vomiting, gastritis, diarrhea, piles, diabetes, constipation, all eye diseases, womb, cancer and menstrual disorders, ear nose and throat diseases.
METHOD OF TREATMENT
1. As you wake up in the morning before brushing teeth, drink 4 x 160ml glasses of water
2. Brush and clean the mouth but do not eat or drink anything for 45 minute
3.. After 45 minutes you may eat and drink as normal.
4. After 15 minutes of breakfast, lunch and dinner do not eat or drink anything for 2 hours
5. Those who are old or sick and are unable to drink 4 glasses of water at the beginning may commence by taking little water and gradually increase it to 4 glasses per day.
6. The above method of treatment will cure diseases of the sick and others can enjoy a healthy life.
The following list gives the number of days of treatment required to cure/control/reduce main diseases:
1. High Blood Pressure (30 days)
2. Gastric (10 days)
3. Diabetes (30 days)
4. Constipation (10 days)
5. Cancer (180 days)
6. TB (90 days)
7. Arthritis patients should follow the above treatment only for 3 days in the 1st week, and from 2nd week onwards – daily..
This treatment method has no side effects, however at the commencement of treatment you may have to urinate a few times.
It is better if we continue this and make this procedure as a routine work in our life. Drink Water and Stay healthy and Active.
This makes sense .. The Chinese and Japanese drink hot tea with their meals ..not cold water. Maybe it is time we adopt their drinking habit while eating!!! Nothing to lose, everything to gain...
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you.
It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion.
Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.
Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
A serious note about heart attacks:
· Women should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting,
· Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line.
· You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack.
· Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms.
· 60% of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up.
· Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know, the better chance we could survive...
A cardiologist says if everyone who gets this mail sends it to everyone they know, you can be sure that we'll save at least one life.
Please be a true friend and send this article to all your friends you care abou
.jpg)
It is popular in Japan today to drink water immediately after waking up every morning. Furthermore, scientific tests have proven its value. We publish below a description of use of water for our readers. For old and serious diseases as well as modern illnesses the water treatment had been found successful by a Japanese medical society as a 100% cure for the following ...diseases:
Headache, body ache, heart system, arthritis, fast heart beat, epilepsy, excess fatness, bronchitis asthma, TB, meningitis, kidney and urine diseases, vomiting, gastritis, diarrhea, piles, diabetes, constipation, all eye diseases, womb, cancer and menstrual disorders, ear nose and throat diseases.
METHOD OF TREATMENT
1. As you wake up in the morning before brushing teeth, drink 4 x 160ml glasses of water
2. Brush and clean the mouth but do not eat or drink anything for 45 minute
3.. After 45 minutes you may eat and drink as normal.
4. After 15 minutes of breakfast, lunch and dinner do not eat or drink anything for 2 hours
5. Those who are old or sick and are unable to drink 4 glasses of water at the beginning may commence by taking little water and gradually increase it to 4 glasses per day.
6. The above method of treatment will cure diseases of the sick and others can enjoy a healthy life.
The following list gives the number of days of treatment required to cure/control/reduce main diseases:
1. High Blood Pressure (30 days)
2. Gastric (10 days)
3. Diabetes (30 days)
4. Constipation (10 days)
5. Cancer (180 days)
6. TB (90 days)
7. Arthritis patients should follow the above treatment only for 3 days in the 1st week, and from 2nd week onwards – daily..
This treatment method has no side effects, however at the commencement of treatment you may have to urinate a few times.
It is better if we continue this and make this procedure as a routine work in our life. Drink Water and Stay healthy and Active.
This makes sense .. The Chinese and Japanese drink hot tea with their meals ..not cold water. Maybe it is time we adopt their drinking habit while eating!!! Nothing to lose, everything to gain...
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you.
It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion.
Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.
Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
A serious note about heart attacks:
· Women should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting,
· Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line.
· You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack.
· Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms.
· 60% of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up.
· Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know, the better chance we could survive...
A cardiologist says if everyone who gets this mail sends it to everyone they know, you can be sure that we'll save at least one life.
Please be a true friend and send this article to all your friends you care abou
Why do multi-cellular organisms need a transport system?
Multi-cellular organisms are too big and not all of their cells have contact with the external environment. All organisms need to exchange substances with their environment - take in needed molecules and get rid of waste. A uni-cellular organism can use the processes of osmosis, diffusion and active transport to transport substances in and out of the organism, which is in this case just one cell. But as organisms increase in size, they need a specialized transport system to exchange substances between the internal environment and the external environment. Interestingly enough, osmosis and diffusion are still the important mechanisms at the cellular level.
Sunday, April 8, 2012
The Human Endocrine System
|
Endocrine gland
|
Main hormone
|
Function
|
|
Pituitary
gland
|
Growth hormone (GH)
|
•Controls growth
|
|
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
|
•Stimulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys (osmoregulation)
|
|
|
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
|
•Stimulates the formation of egg follicles in the ovary & the formation of sperms in the testes.
|
|
|
Luteinising hormone (LH)
|
•Brings about ovulation
|
|
|
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
|
•Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.
|
|
Endocrine gland
|
Main hormone
|
Function
|
|
Thyroid gland
|
Thyroxine
|
•Control growth
•Controls the rate of metabolism
|
|
Testis
(plural : testes)
|
Androgen
|
•Stimulates the development & maturation of the testes
•Controls the development of male secondary sexual characteistics
|
|
Adrenal gland
|
Adrenaline
|
•Prepare the body to face an emergency or a critical situation
•Stimulates the body to generate heat when the environmental temperature is low
|
|
Pancreas
|
Insulin
|
•Lowers the blood glucose level
|
|
Glucagon
|
•Raises the blood glucose level
|
|
|
Ovary
|
Oestrogen
|
•Stimulates the thickening of the uterine wall
|
|
Progesterone
|
•Maintains the thickening of the uterine wall.
|
•The pituitary gland is often called the master endocrine gland à controls other endocrine glands (thyroid gland, testes & ovaries)
•The functions of hormones fall into 3 main categories :
–Reproduction (FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesteron & androgen)
–Growth (GH & thyroxine)
–Homeostasis (ADH, insulin, glucagon & adrenaline)
Hormone
•
Hormone = an organic chemical compound produced by an endocrine gland & is transported by blood to its target organ to obtain a certain response.
An endocrine gland is a ductless gland.
To synthesise & secrete hormones.
The hormones are secreted into the blood stream à reach all parts of the body.à only certain organ will respond (target organ of the hormone)
•Both nervous system & endocrine system are involved in the coordination of body functions.
Nervous system – detecting changes in the external environment & obtains relatively quick responses.
Some physiological activities occur over a long period of time (menstrual cycle, development of secondary sexual characteristics & growth) à cannot be regulated by nervous system.
•It is necessary to have an endocrine system to regulate them. The ES complements the NS in coordinating body activities.
Saturday, March 31, 2012
SPONGE
Inilah haiwan yg bernama sponge. yg korang tgok crita spongebob tu asalnya bendani...menatang ni sebenarnya. ini hanya 2 contoh daripada 5000 sp yang telah dikenali. ada agak2 5000 lg x kenal.200sp ditemui dlm air tawar selebihnya air masin.
http://www.fish-journal.com/2011/11/sponge.html...gambar2atas sy pinjam dr laman td....ty...nak detail tgok lmn tersebut.
Friday, March 16, 2012
who can do this????
Our ability to sense the five accepted categories comes from receptors on our taste buds. These tiny sensory organs appear mostly on the tongue, the roof of the mouth and the back of the throat. The sense of touch also plays a key role in the experiencing taste, as evidenced by the strong opinions on crunchy versus smooth peanut butter. smell, too impacts our our tasting abilities. Just ask anyone with a stuffed-up nose picking away at what seems to be a plate of bland food. In the mouth itself, though food scientists continue to discover new receptors and new pathway for gustatory impressions to reach our brain. Here are some taste sensations vying for a place at the table as a sixth basic taste.
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
pamplet baru
assakamualaikum...
pertama sekali sy nak ucapkan selamat bercuti kepada semua pelajar dan guru2 yang boleh bercuti. apa khabar semua? semoga semua sihat sejahtera. gayanya cuti kali ini berteman hujan, tiap2 hari ada hujan...maha suci Allah telah tetapkan rezeki kita. sy sebenarnyasedang mencuba pamplet baru...cantik ke tak inilah hasilnya.
nampaknya tak banyak benda nak ditulis.
cuma ada satu peristiwa ngeri berlaku petang tadi, dlm perjalanan pulang dari mentakab...iaitu satu kemalangan jalan raya...tp tak berani nak turun tengok...moto hancur...ambulan kehulu kehilir sibuk je...semoga mangsa selamat...
pertama sekali sy nak ucapkan selamat bercuti kepada semua pelajar dan guru2 yang boleh bercuti. apa khabar semua? semoga semua sihat sejahtera. gayanya cuti kali ini berteman hujan, tiap2 hari ada hujan...maha suci Allah telah tetapkan rezeki kita. sy sebenarnyasedang mencuba pamplet baru...cantik ke tak inilah hasilnya.
nampaknya tak banyak benda nak ditulis.
cuma ada satu peristiwa ngeri berlaku petang tadi, dlm perjalanan pulang dari mentakab...iaitu satu kemalangan jalan raya...tp tak berani nak turun tengok...moto hancur...ambulan kehulu kehilir sibuk je...semoga mangsa selamat...
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Keputusan SPM 2012
makluman dari lembaga peperiksaan malaysia...keputusan SPM boleh disemak seperti iklan berikut.
mari pakat pergi ke sekolah mulai jam 10.30 pagi...21/3/2012 (rabu)
draf waktu peksa biology spm 2012
di atas ialah cadangan masa untuk peperiksaan m/p biologi spm 2012...tarikh blom ada. maklumlah draf untuk kali ke-3
Saturday, March 3, 2012
Bengkel Interaktif Anatomi Manusia
Pada 29/2 - 1/3/2012....para guru cemerlang biologi pahang telah mengadakan satu bengkel di IIAM, Kuantan. Peserta terlibat terdiri daripada guru-guru Biologi dari beberapa sekolah di negeri Pahang. Kursus dijalankan di Kuliyah Perubatan, UIAM.
Friday, February 3, 2012
Friday, January 27, 2012
memecah sekolah
hari ini para guru lelaki smk pdg saujana bergotong royong menceriakan sekolah. kerja-kerja kasar memecah dinding tingkatan 3 do dan pz untuk dijadikan bilik gerakan baru. pada cuti akhir tahun yang lepas opetrasi membesarkan pejabat dan menaik taraf bilik guru dilakukan.
Saturday, January 21, 2012
ANNUAL LESSON PLAN FORM 5 2012
ANNUAL LESSON PLAN
BIOLOGY
FORM 5 2012
WEEK
|
DATE
|
TOPIC
|
LEARNING AREA
|
REMARK
|
1
|
4/1/-6/1/2012
|
Class management
|
||
2
|
9/1 – 13/1/12
|
1. TRANSPORT
|
1.1 The importance of having a transport
system in some multicellular organisms
|
MODULE
|
3
|
16/1/ - 20/1/12
|
1.2 Concept of the circulatory system
1.3 Understanding the mechanism of blood
clotting
|
MODULE
|
|
4
|
23/1 – 27/1/12
|
1.4 The lymphatic system
1.5 Role of the circulatory system in the body’s
defence mechanisms
|
MODULE HANDOUT
|
|
5
|
30/1 – 3/2/12
|
1.6
Appreciating a healthy cardiovascular system
|
MODULE HANDOUT
|
|
6
|
6/2 – 10/2/12
|
1.7
Understanding the transport of
substances in plant
|
MODULE HANDOUT
|
|
7
|
13/2 – 17/2/12
|
2. LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT
|
2.1
Understanding support and locomotion in humans and animals
|
MODULE HANDOUT
|
8
|
20/2 – 24/2/12
|
2.2 Appreciating a healthy musculoskeletal
system
2.3 Understanding support in plant.
|
MODULE HANDOUT
|
|
9
|
30/2 – 2/3/12
|
TEST 1
|
||
10
|
5/3 – 9/3//12
|
TEST 1
|
||
9
|
25/02/11-29/02/11
|
3. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
|
3.1 Response and coordination
3.2 Role of human nervous system
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
10
|
03/03/11-
07/03/11
|
3.3 Role of hormones in humans
3.4 Homeostasis in humans
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
11
|
10/03/11-
16/03/11
|
FIRST MID TERM BREAK
|
||
12
|
17/03/11-
21/03/11
|
3.5 Practicing healthy lifestyle
3.6 Plant hormones
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
13
|
24/03/11-
28/03/11
|
4. REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
|
4.1 Gamete formation
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
14
|
31/03/11-
04/04/11
|
4.2 Role of hormones in the
menstrual cycle
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
15
|
07/04/11-
11/04/11
|
TEST 2
|
||
16
|
14/04/11-
18/04/11
|
4.3 Early development of a
zygote in humans
4.4 Contribution of science and
technology to human
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
17
|
21/04/11-
25/04/11
|
4.5 Concept of sexual reproduction in
flowering plants
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
18
|
28/04/11-
02/05/11
|
4.6 Growth in multicellular organism
4.7 Growth curve
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
19
|
05/05/11-
09/05/11
|
4.8 Primary and secondary growth in
Plants
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
20
|
12/05/11-
16/05/11
|
MID TERM TEST
|
||
21
|
20/05/11-
23/05/11
|
|||
22
|
26/05/11-
31/06/11
|
MID TERM BREAK
|
||
23
|
02/07/11-
06/07/11
|
|||
24
|
09/06/11-
13/06/11
|
5. INHERITANCE
|
5.1
Concept of inheritance based on
Mendel’s experiment
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
25
|
16/06/11-
20/06/11
|
5.2 Inheritance
5.3 Understanding genes and
Chromosomes
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
26
|
23/06/11-
27/06/11
|
6. VARIATION
|
6.1 Variation in organisms
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
27
|
30/06/11-
04/07/11
|
6.2
Causes of variation
6.3
Respecting others in spite of variations
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
28
|
07/07/11-
11/07/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
29
|
14/07/11-
18/07/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
30
|
21/07/11-
22/07/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
23/07/11-
25/07/11
|
TEST 3
|
|||
31
|
28/07/11-
01/08/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
32
|
04/08/11-
11/08/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
33
|
11/08/11-
15/08/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
34
|
15/08/11-
22/08/11
|
SECOND MID TERM BREAK
|
||
35
|
25/08/11-
29/08/11
|
TRIAL SPM 2011
|
MODULE
HANDOUT
|
|
40
|
29/09/00-
03/10/11
|
REVISION
|
MODULE
BANK ITEM
|
|
44
|
28/10/11-
31/10/11
|
WORKSHOP
|
||
45
|
03/11/11-
07/11/11
|
WORKSHOP
|
||
46
|
10/11/11-
14/11/11
|
WORKSHOP
|
||
END YEAR SEMESTER BREAK
|
||||
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