draf waktu peksa biology spm 2012


di atas ialah cadangan masa untuk peperiksaan m/p biologi spm 2012...tarikh blom ada. maklumlah draf untuk kali ke-3

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Sugar Homeostasis

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The body requires of glucose in order to create ATP. Two hormones are responsible for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood. These are insulin and glucagon. The diagram illustrates the principle of negative feedback control in action involving blood sugar levels. Diabetes Diabetes insipidus is a condition where excess urine is excreted caused by the sufferers  inability  to  produce  ADH and promote the retention of water. Diabetes Mellitus is another form of diabetes where the sufferer does not have the ability to produce sufficient insulin, meaning that glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. Anyone who has this condition usually has to take injections of insulin after meals and snacks to maintain their storage of glucose needed in emergencies.
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The Human Endocrine System

Endocrine gland Main hormone Function Pituitary gland Growth hormone (GH) • Controls growth Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • Stimulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys (osmoregulation) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Stimulates the formation of egg follicles in the ovary & the formation of sperms in the testes. Luteinising hormone (LH) • Brings about ovulation Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine. Endocrine gland Main hormone Function Thyroid gland Thyroxine • Control growth • Controls the rate of metabolism Testis (plural : testes) Androgen • Stimulates the development & maturation of the testes • Controls the development of male secondary sexual characteistics Adrenal gla...
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Homeostasis

Homeostasis   is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment despite changing external conditions Ensures that the organs of the body operate within their normal limits thereby working efficiently Based on a   feedback   system Information is sent to a control center which directs the organ to react accordingly Two major control centers: 1.      Brain of the nervous system 2.      Glands of the endocrine system Several factors must be regulated including: 1.      Temperature 2.      Heart rate 3.      Respiratory rate 4.      Blood pressure 5.      Water balance 6.      Blood sugar levels. 7.   Detoxification Activity Organs involved Center of Control Temperature Skin Hypothalamus ...
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