BIOLOGY

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology.
1.Cells are the basic unit of life
2.New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution
3.Genes are the basic unit of heredity
4.An organism will regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition
5.Living organisms consume and transform energy.

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SPM KIAN HAMPIR

 Salam sejahtera semua... Lagi beberapa hari murid-murid tingkatan 5 akan menghadapi peperiksaan keramat iaitu Peperiksaan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia. Pejam celik- pejam celik.... telah lima tahun meniti persekolahan menengah. Bertabahlah anak-anak... zaman ini penuh cabaran. Apa-apapun selamat menduduki peperiksaan.... semua yang terbaik menanti anda.
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Sugar Homeostasis

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The body requires of glucose in order to create ATP. Two hormones are responsible for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood. These are insulin and glucagon. The diagram illustrates the principle of negative feedback control in action involving blood sugar levels. Diabetes Diabetes insipidus is a condition where excess urine is excreted caused by the sufferers  inability  to  produce  ADH and promote the retention of water. Diabetes Mellitus is another form of diabetes where the sufferer does not have the ability to produce sufficient insulin, meaning that glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. Anyone who has this condition usually has to take injections of insulin after meals and snacks to maintain their storage of glucose needed in emergencies.
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Hormone

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• Hormone = an organic chemical compound produced by an endocrine gland & is transported by blood to its target organ to obtain a certain response.  An endocrine gland is a ductless gland .  To synthesise & secrete hormones.  The hormones are secreted into the blood stream à reach all parts of the body. à only certain organ will respond ( target organ of the hormone) • Both nervous system & endocrine system are involved in the coordination of body functions. Nervous system – detecting changes in the external environment & obtains relatively quick responses. Some physiological activities occur over a long period of time (menstrual cycle, development of secondary sexual characteristics & growth) à cannot be regulated by nervous system.  • It is necessary to have an endocrine system to regulate them. The ES complements the NS in coordinating body activities.
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